Allergies affect people in a systematic manner. Typically a substance, referred to as an “allergen,” is introduced to a person through skin-to-skin contact, by breath, through the air or through ingestion.
Once exposed to an allergen, the body produces a type of protein called an Immunoglobulin E – also known simply as IgE. This is what many doctors refer to as an “allergic antibody” and responds in the presence of something a person is sensitive to, or something the body perceives as threatening. IgE attaches to cells in the body called “mast” cells.
These cells reside throughout the body, including on the skin, in the nose, in the lungs and in our respiratory tract. The first time an individual is exposed to an allergen, they typically respond with a “weak” allergenic response or sensitivity. This may include some “light” symptoms such as itching, redness or bronchial discomfort.
With time, a person who consistently exposes their body to certain allergens become overly sensitive to these allergies. The body responds by producing increasing amounts of IgE every time a person is exposed to allergens, resulting in a worsening of symptoms, to the point where asthma or other severe conditions may be triggered in some.
Inflammation is another common response to repeated exposure to allergens. Inflammation may manifest in many different ways, including swelling of internal and external organs, cells, tissues or lining in the body. Inflammation may be localized or occur throughout the body, in which case a more aggressive approach to treatment may be sought.
Typically, allergic responses occurring in the eyes, nose or lungs result from exposure to allergens in the air, like pollen, dust mites or mold. Some people will experience mild to moderate allergies every spring when the trees, grass and flowers bloom. Most doctors will prescribe medications or recommend antihistamines to patients that have annual allergies.
Exposure to foods or chemicals one is allergic to may result in hives, nausea, vomiting and related symptoms.
There are varying levels of reaction one may have to allergens; these range from mild to severe. Many people experience a worsening of their symptoms with repeated exposure, which is one reason it is important to avoid known allergens when possible.
